1. Izinto zokugquma
(1)Ukugquma kwentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo exutyiweyo kubandakanya ukugquma okuthambileyo kunye nokugquma okuqinileyo. I-solder esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-solder ethambileyo yi-tin lead solder. Ukufuma kwale solder kwintsimbi kuyanda ngokwanda komxholo we-tin, ngoko ke i-solder enomxholo we-tin ophezulu kufuneka isetyenziswe ekutywineni amalungu. Umaleko we-Fesn2 intermetallic compound unokwenziwa kwindawo yokudibana phakathi kwe-tin kunye nentsimbi kwi-tin lead solder. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukwakheka kwe-compound kule maleko, ubushushu be-brazing kunye nexesha lokubamba kufuneka kulawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Amandla okucheba amalungu entsimbi yekhabhoni agquma ngee-solder ezininzi ze-tin lead eziqhelekileyo aboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1. Phakathi kwazo, amandla e-joint agquma nge-50% w (SN) aphezulu, kwaye amandla e-joint agquma nge-antimony free solder aphezulu kunalawo ane-antimony.
Itheyibhile 1 yokuqina kokucheba kweendawo zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezigqunywe nge-tin lead solder
Xa kusenziwa ibrashi yentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi engenanto, kusetyenziswa ikakhulu i-copper ecocekileyo, i-copper zinc kunye nesilivere copper zinc brazing filler metals. I-copper ecocekileyo ine-high melting point kwaye kulula ukuyi-oxidation kwi-base metal ngexesha lokubrashi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-gas shielded brazing kunye ne-vacuum brazing. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-gap phakathi kwamalungu anxityisiweyo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.05mm ukuze kuthintelwe ingxaki yokuba i-joint gap ayinakuzaliswa ngenxa yokugeleza okuhle kobhedu. I-carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel joints ezinxityisiweyo nge-copper ecocekileyo zinamandla aphezulu. Ngokubanzi, amandla okucheba yi-150 ~ 215mpa, ngelixa amandla okutsalwa esasazwa phakathi kwe-170 ~ 340mpa.
Xa kuthelekiswa nobhedu olucocekileyo, iqondo lokunyibilika kwe-copper zinc solder liyancipha ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-Zn. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukufuma kwe-Zn ngexesha lokugquma, kwelinye icala, inani elincinci le-Si lingongezwa kwi-copper zinc solder; Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza, ezifana nokugquma ilangabi, ukugquma induction kunye nokugquma i-dip. Amalungu e-carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel egquma nge-copper zinc filler metal anamandla amahle kunye ne-plasticity. Umzekelo, amandla okuxinana kunye namandla okucheba amalungu e-carbon steel egquma nge-b-cu62zn solder afikelela kwi-420MPa kunye ne-290mpa. Iqondo lokunyibilika kwe-silver copper station solder liphantsi kunelo le-copper zinc solder, elilungele ukugquma inaliti. Le ntsimbi yokuzalisa ifanelekile kwi-flame brazing, i-induction brazing kunye ne-furnace brazing ye-carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel, kodwa umxholo we-Zn kufuneka uncitshiswe kangangoko ngexesha lokugquma i-furnace, kwaye izinga lokufudumeza kufuneka linyuswe. I-Brazing carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel egquma nge-silver copper zinc filler metal inokufumana amalungu anamandla amahle kunye ne-plasticity. Idatha ethile idweliswe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Itheyibhile yesi-2 yokuqina kweendawo zentsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephantsi ezigqunywe nge-silver copper zinc solder
(2) I-Flux: igesi yokujikeleza okanye yokukhusela kufuneka isetyenziswe kwintsimbi yekhabhoni erhabaxa kunye nentsimbi ephantsi kwe-alloy. I-flux idla ngokugqitywa yindlela ekhethiweyo yokugcwalisa isinyithi kunye ne-brazing. Xa kusetyenziswa i-tin lead solder, ulwelo oluxutyiweyo lwe-zinc chloride kunye ne-ammonium chloride lungasetyenziswa njenge-flux okanye olunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-flux. Intsalela yale flux ngokubanzi idla ngokuba ne-crust kakhulu, kwaye i-joint kufuneka icocwe ngokungqongqo emva kwe-brazing.
Xa kusenziwa ibrashi ngentsimbi ye-copper zinc filler, kufuneka kukhethwe i-fb301 okanye i-fb302 flux, oko kukuthi, i-borax okanye umxube we-borax kunye ne-boric acid; Kwi-flame brazing, umxube we-methyl borate kunye ne-formic acid ungasetyenziswa njenge-brazing flux, apho umphunga we-B2O3 udlala indima yokususwa kwefilimu.
Xa kusetyenziswa isinyithi sesilivere se-copper zinc brazing filler, ii-fb102, fb103 kunye ne-fb104 brazing fluxes zinokukhethwa, oko kukuthi, umxube we-borax, i-boric acid kunye nezinye ii-fluoride. Intsalela yale flux iyabola ukuya kwinqanaba elithile kwaye kufuneka isuswe emva kwe-brazing.
2. Itekhnoloji yokurhawula
Umphezulu oza kudityaniswa kufuneka ucocwe ngeendlela zoomatshini okanye zeekhemikhali ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifilimu ye-oxide kunye nezinto eziphilayo zisusiwe ngokupheleleyo. Umphezulu ocociweyo akufuneki ube rhabaxa kakhulu kwaye akufuneki unamathele kwiitships zesinyithi okanye kolunye uthuli.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy ephantsi zinokugqunywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqunywa. Ngexesha lokugqunywa kwelangabi, ilangabi elingathathi cala okanye elinciphisiweyo kufuneka lisetyenziswe. Ngexesha lokusebenza, ukufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo intsimbi yokuzalisa kunye nokuqunywa kwelangabi kufuneka kuphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iindlela zokufudumeza ezikhawulezayo ezifana nokugqunywa kwe-induction kunye nokugqunywa kwe-dip zifanelekile kakhulu ekugqunyweni kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo neqinisiweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukucima okanye ukugqunywa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kokushisa kufuneka kukhethwe ukuthintela ukuthamba kwesinyithi esisisiseko. Xa kugqunywa isinyithi esinamandla aphantsi kwi-alloy kwindawo ekhuselayo, akufuneki kuphela ubunyulu obuphezulu begesi, kodwa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ne-gas flux ukuqinisekisa ukumanzisa kunye nokusasazwa kwesinyithi sokuzalisa phezu komphezulu wesinyithi esisisiseko.
I-residue flux ingasuswa ngeendlela zamakhemikhali okanye ze-mechanical. I-residue ye-organic brazing flux ingasulwa okanye icocwe ngepetroli, utywala, i-acetone kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic; I-residue ye-corrosive flux enamandla njenge-zinc chloride kunye ne-ammonium chloride kufuneka isuswe kwisisombululo samanzi se-NaOH kuqala, ize icocwe ngamanzi ashushu nabandayo; I-boric acid kunye ne-boric acid flux residue kunzima ukuzisusa, kwaye zinokusonjululwa kuphela ngeendlela ze-mechanical okanye ukuntywiliselwa ixesha elide emanzini anyukayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-13-2022