Ukugquma kweentsimbi ezinganyangekiyo

1. Isolder

Zonke iintlobo zeesolders ezinobushushu obungaphantsi kwama-3000 ℃ zingasetyenziselwa i-W brazing, kwaye iisolders ezisekelwe kubhedu okanye kwisilivere zingasetyenziselwa izinto ezinobushushu obungaphantsi kwama-400 ℃; Iintsimbi ze-filler ezisekelwe kwigolide, ezisekelwe kwi-manganese, ezisekelwe kwi-manganese, ezisekelwe kwi-palladium okanye ezisekelwe kwi-drill zihlala zisetyenziselwa izinto ezisetyenziswa phakathi kwama-400 ℃ nama-900 ℃; Kwizinto ezisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwama-1000 ℃, iintsimbi ezicocekileyo ezifana ne-Nb, Ta, Ni, Pt, PD kunye ne-Mo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ubushushu bokusebenza bezinto ezifakwe i-platinum base solder bufikelele kuma-2150 ℃. Ukuba unyango lokusasazwa kwe-1080 ℃ lwenziwa emva kwe-brazing, ubushushu bokusebenza obuphezulu bungafikelela kuma-3038 ℃.

Uninzi lwee-solders ezisetyenziselwa i-brazing w zingasetyenziselwa i-brazing Mo, kwaye ii-solders ezisekelwe kubhedu okanye kwisilivere zingasetyenziselwa iinxalenye ze-Mo ezisebenza ngaphantsi kwama-400 ℃; Kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neendawo ezingezizo ezakhiweyo ezisebenza kuma-400 ~ 650 ℃, ii-solders ze-Cu Ag, Au Ni, PD Ni okanye Cu Ni zingasetyenziswa; iintsimbi ze-filler zesinyithi ezisekelwe kwi-Titanium okanye ezinye iintsimbi ze-filler zesinyithi ezicocekileyo ezinamaqondo aphezulu okunyibilika zingasetyenziselwa iinxalenye ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintsimbi ze-filler ezisekelwe kwi-manganese, i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel azikhuthazwa ngokubanzi ukuthintela ukwakheka kwee-brittle intermetallic compounds kwiindawo ze-brazing joints.

Xa kusetyenziswa izinto ze-TA okanye ze-Nb ezingaphantsi kwe-1000 ℃, i-injections ezisekelwe kubhedu, ezisekelwe kwi-manganese, ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt, ezisekelwe kwi-titanium, ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, ezisekelwe kwigolide kunye ne-palladium zinokukhethwa, kuquka i-Cu Au, Au Ni, PD Ni kunye ne-Pt Au_ Ni kunye ne-Cu Sn solders zinamandla okumanzisa kwi-TA kunye ne-Nb, ukwenza umthungo olungileyo we-brazing kunye namandla aphezulu okudibana. Njengoko iintsimbi zesilivere ezisekelwe kwi-filler zidla ngokwenza iintsimbi ze-brazing zibe buthathaka, kufuneka ziphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswa phakathi kwe-1000 ℃ kunye ne-1300 ℃, iintsimbi ezicocekileyo i-Ti, V, Zr okanye ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwezi zinyithi ezenza i-solid engapheliyo kunye nolwelo ngazo ziya kukhethwa njengeentsimbi ze-brazing filler. Xa ubushushu benkonzo buphezulu, intsimbi ye-filler equlethe i-HF inokukhethwa.

W. Jonga itheyibhile 13 yeentsimbi zokugcwalisa i-brazing zeMo, Ta kunye neNb kubushushu obuphezulu.

Itheyibhile 13 ye-brazing filler metals zokufaka i-brazing kwi-thermal brazing ephezulu ye-refractory metals

2. Itekhnoloji yokurhawula

Ngaphambi kokubrasha, kufuneka kususwe ngononophelo i-oxide kumphezulu wesinyithi esirhabaxa. Kungasetyenziswa ukugaya ngoomatshini, ukuqhumisa isanti, ukucoca nge-ultrasound okanye ukucoca ngeekhemikhali. Ukubrasha kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko emva kwenkqubo yokucoca.

Ngenxa yokuba buthathaka kwe-W, iinxalenye ze-w kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo ekusebenzeni kwendibano yecandelo ukuze kuthintelwe ukwaphuka. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenziwa kwe-tungsten carbide ebuthathaka, kufuneka kuthintelwe ukunxibelelana ngqo phakathi kwe-W kunye ne-graphite. Uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukucubungula kwangaphambili okanye ukuwelda kufuneka lususwe ngaphambi kokuwelda. I-W kulula kakhulu ukuyi-oxidize xa ubushushu bunyuka. Iqondo le-vacuum kufuneka libe phezulu ngokwaneleyo ngexesha lokuwelda. Xa ukuwelda kwenziwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi bobushushu be-1000 ~ 1400 ℃, iqondo le-vacuum akufuneki libe ngaphantsi kwe-8 × 10-3Pa. Ukuze kuphuculwe ubushushu bokunyibilika kunye nobushushu benkonzo yejoyinti, inkqubo yokuwelda inokudityaniswa nonyango lokusasazwa emva kokuwelda. Umzekelo, i-b-ni68cr20si10fel solder isetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-W kwi-1180 ℃. Emva konyango oluthathu lokusasazwa kwe-1070 ℃ /4h, 1200 ℃ /3.5h kunye ne-1300 ℃ /2h emva kokuwelda, ubushushu benkonzo yejoyinti eqhotsiweyo bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-2200 ℃.

I-coefficient encinci yokwandiswa kobushushu kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuhlanganiswa i-brazed joint ye-Mo, kwaye i-joint gap kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-0.05 ~ 0.13MM. Ukuba kusetyenziswa isixhobo, khetha into ene-coefficient encinci yokwandiswa kobushushu. I-Mo recrystallization yenzeka xa i-flame brazing, i-atmosphere elawulwayo, i-vacuum furnace, i-induction furnace kunye ne-resistance heating idlula i-recrystallization okanye i-recrystallization flux yehla ngenxa yokusasazwa kwezinto ze-solder. Ke ngoko, xa i-brazing ikufutshane ne-recrystallization, ixesha le-brazing lifutshane, kokukhona ixesha le-brazing liba lifutshane, kokukhona kungcono. Xa i-brazing ingaphezulu kwe-recrystallization ye-Mo, ixesha le-brazing kunye nesantya sokupholisa kufuneka zilawulwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka okubangelwa kukupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Xa kusetyenziswa i-oxyacetylene flame brazing, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-mixed flux, oko kukuthi, i-industrial borate okanye i-silver brazing flux kunye ne-high-temperature flux equlethe i-calcium fluoride, enokufumana ukhuseleko oluhle. Indlela kukuqala ngokugquma umaleko we-silver brazing flux kumphezulu we-Mo, uze ugqume i-high-temperature flux. I-silver brazing flux inomsebenzi ophantsi kubushushu, kwaye ubushushu obusebenzayo be-high-temperature flux bunokufikelela kwi-1427 ℃.

Izinto ze-TA okanye ze-Nb zikhethwa ukuba zifakwe ibrashi phantsi kwe-vacuum, kwaye iqondo le-vacuum alikho ngaphantsi kwe-1.33 × 10-2Pa. Ukuba ibrashi yenziwa phantsi kokhuseleko lwegesi engasebenziyo, ukungcola kwegesi okufana ne-carbon monoxide, i-ammonia, i-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon dioxide kufuneka kususwe ngokungqongqo. Xa ibrashi okanye i-resistance brazing yenziwa emoyeni, kuya kusetyenziswa isinyithi esikhethekileyo se-brazing filler kunye ne-flux efanelekileyo. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-TA okanye i-Nb ekudibaneni ne-oxygen kubushushu obuphezulu, umaleko wesinyithi se-copper okanye i-nickel unokugqunywa phezu komphezulu kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo lwe-diffusion annealing lunokwenziwa.