Ukugquma iiSuperalloys

Ukugquma iiSuperalloys

(1) Iimpawu zeBrazing ii-superalloys zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: isiseko se-nickel, isiseko sesinyithi kunye nesiseko se-cobalt. Zineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-alloy yesiseko se-nickel yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso esebenzayo.

I-superalloy ine-Cr engaphezulu, kwaye ifilimu ye-Cr2O3 oxide ekunzima ukuyisusa yenziwa phezu komhlaba ngexesha lokufudumeza. Ii-superalloys ze-nickel base ziqulathe i-Al kunye ne-Ti, ezilula ukuzixuba xa zifudumeza. Ke ngoko, ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukuxuba kwee-superalloys ngexesha lokufudumeza kunye nokususa ifilimu ye-oxide yingxaki ephambili ngexesha lokuxubha. Njengoko i-borax okanye i-boric acid ekufudumezeni inokubangela ukubola kwesinyithi esisisiseko kubushushu bokuxubha, i-boron evuthuluka emva kokuba isabela ingangena kwisinyithi esisisiseko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungeneni kwe-intergranular. Kwii-alloys zesiseko se-nickel ezifakwe kwi-al kunye ne-Ti ephezulu, iqondo le-vacuum kwimeko eshushu aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-10-2 ~ 10-3pa ngexesha lokuxubha ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxuba kumphezulu we-alloy ngexesha lokufudumeza.

Kwi-alloy zesiseko se-nickel eziqinisiweyo kunye nemvula, ubushushu be-brazing kufuneka buhambelane nobushushu bokufudumeza bonyango lwesisombululo ukuqinisekisa ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ze-alloy. Ubushushu be-brazing buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye izinto ze-alloy azinakunyibilika ngokupheleleyo; Ukuba ubushushu be-brazing buphezulu kakhulu, ingqolowa yesinyithi esisiseko iya kukhula, kwaye iimpawu zezinto aziyi kubuyiselwa nasemva konyango lobushushu. Ubushushu besisombululo esiqinileyo se-alloy zesiseko se-cast buphezulu, obuhlala bungachaphazeli iimpawu zezinto ngenxa yobushushu be-brazing obuphezulu kakhulu.

Ezinye ii-superalloys ze-nickel base, ingakumbi ii-alloys eziqiniswe yimvula, zinomkhuba wokuqhekeka koxinzelelo. Ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-brazing, uxinzelelo olwenziweyo kwinkqubo kufuneka lususwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uxinzelelo lobushushu kufuneka luncitshiswe ngexesha lokufaka i-brazing.

(2) I-alloy yesiseko se-nickel yezinto zokubraza ingabrazwa ngesiseko sesilivere, ubhedu olucocekileyo, isiseko se-nickel kunye ne-solder esebenzayo. Xa ubushushu bokusebenza bejoyinti bungekho phezulu, izinto ezisekwe kwisilivere zingasetyenziswa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-solders zesilivere. Ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngexesha lokufudumeza i-brazing, kungcono ukhethe i-solder enobushushu obuphantsi bokunyibilika. I-Fb101 flux ingasetyenziselwa i-brazing ngesinyithi sesilivere. I-Fb102 flux isetyenziselwa i-brazing precipitation eqiniswe i-superalloy enomxholo ophezulu we-aluminium, kwaye kongezwa i-10% ~ 20% ye-sodium silicate okanye i-aluminium flux (efana ne-fb201). Xa ubushushu be-brazing budlula i-900 ℃, kuya kukhethwa i-fb105 flux.

Xa kusenziwa ibrashi kwindawo engenanto okanye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ubhedu olucocekileyo lungasetyenziswa njengentsimbi yokuzalisa ibrashi. Ubushushu bebrashi yi-1100 ~ 1150 ℃, kwaye ijoyinti ayizukubangela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo, kodwa ubushushu bokusebenza abuyi kudlula kwi-400 ℃.

Isinyithi esizalisa i-brazing base brazing metal sesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Superalloys ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphezulu kwaye akukho kuqhekeka koxinzelelo ngexesha le-brazing. Izinto eziphambili ze-alloy kwi-solder yesiseko se-nickel yi-Cr, i-Si, i-B, kwaye inani elincinci le-solder likwaqulathe i-Fe, i-W, njl. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ni-cr-si-b, isinyithi esizalisa i-b-ni68crwb sinokunciphisa ukungena kwe-B kwisinyithi esisisiseko kwaye sonyuse ixesha lobushushu bokunyibilika. Sisinyithi esizalisa i-brazing sezixhobo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngobushushu obuphezulu kunye nee-turbine blades. Nangona kunjalo, ukugeleza kwe-solder equkethe i-W kuba mandundu kwaye umsantsa odibeneyo kunzima ukuwulawula.

Isinyithi esisebenzayo sokuzalisa i-diffusion brazing filler asinayo i-Si element kwaye sinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-oxidation kunye nokumelana ne-vulcanization. Ubushushu be-brazing bunokukhethwa ukusuka kwi-1150 ℃ ukuya kwi-1218 ℃ ngokohlobo lwe-solder. Emva kokuzalisa, i-brazed joint eneempawu ezifanayo neze-base metal ingafunyanwa emva konyango lokuzalisa lwe-1066 ℃.

(3) I-brazing process nickel base alloy inokusebenzisa i-brazing kwi-atmosphere protective furnace, i-vacuum brazing kunye ne-transient liquid phase connection. Ngaphambi kwe-brazing, umphezulu kufuneka ususwe i-grease kwaye i-oxide isuswe ngokupholisha i-sandpaper, ukupholisha ivili le-felt, ukukrwela i-acetone kunye nokucoca ngamakhemikhali. Xa ukhetha iiparameter zenkqubo ye-brazing, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubushushu bokufudumeza akufuneki bube phezulu kakhulu kwaye ixesha le-brazing kufuneka libe lifutshane ukuze kuthintelwe ukusabela okunamandla kweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-flux kunye ne-base metal. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-base metal ekuqhekekeni, iindawo ezicociweyo ezibandayo kufuneka zincitshiswe uxinzelelo ngaphambi kokupholisha, kwaye ukufudumeza i-welding kufuneka kufane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwi-precipitated stronged superalloys, iindawo kufuneka ziphathwe ngesisombululo esiqinileyo kuqala, emva koko zipholiswe kubushushu obuphezulu kancinci kunonyango lokuqinisa ukuguga, kwaye ekugqibeleni unyango lokuguga.

1) Ukugquma kwi-atmosphere ekhuselayo Ukugquma kwi-atmosphere ekhuselayo kufuna ubunyulu obuphezulu begesi yokukhusela. Kwii-superalloys ezine-w (AL) kunye ne-w (TI) ngaphantsi kwe-0.5%, i-dew point mayibe ngaphantsi kwe--54 ℃ xa kusetyenziswa i-hydrogen okanye i-argon. Xa umxholo we-Al kunye ne-Ti unyuka, umphezulu we-alloy usagquma xa ushushu. Kufuneka kuthathwe la manyathelo alandelayo; Yongeza inani elincinci le-flux (njenge-fb105) kwaye ususe ifilimu ye-oxide nge-flux; uqweqwe oluyi-0.025 ~ 0.038mm lubekwe phezu komphezulu weendawo; Futha i-solder kumphezulu wezinto eziza kugquma kwangaphambili; Yongeza inani elincinci le-gas flux, njenge-boron trifluoride.

2) I-vacuum brazing I-vacuum brazing isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufumana isiphumo esingcono sokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho we-brazing. Jonga itheyibhile 15 ukuze ufumane iimpawu zoomatshini ze-nickel base superalloy joints eziqhelekileyo. Kwi-superalloys ezine-w (AL) kunye ne-w (TI) ngaphantsi kwe-4%, kungcono ukufaka i-electroplate kumaleko we-0.01 ~ 0.015mm nickel kumphezulu, nangona ukumanzisa kwe-solder kunokuqinisekiswa ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo. Xa i-w (AL) kunye ne-w (TI) zidlula i-4%, ubukhulu be-nickel coating bufanele bube yi-0.020.03mm. I-coating encinci kakhulu ayinayo impembelelo yokukhusela, kwaye i-coating etyebileyo kakhulu iya kunciphisa amandla e-joint. Iindawo eziza kudityaniswa nazo zingafakwa ebhokisini ukuze kufakwe i-vacuum brazing. Ibhokisi kufuneka izaliswe yi-getter. Umzekelo, i-Zr ifunxa igesi kubushushu obuphezulu, enokwenza i-vacuum yendawo ebhokisini, ngaloo ndlela ithintele i-oxidation yomphezulu we-alloy.

Itheyibhile 15 iipropati zoomatshini zeVacuum Brazed Joints ze-superalloys zesiseko se-nickel eziqhelekileyo

Ulwakhiwo oluncinci kunye namandla e-brazed joint ye-Superalloy ayatshintsha nge-brazing gap, kwaye unyango lokusasazwa emva kwe-brazing luya kunyusa ixabiso eliphezulu elivumelekileyo le-joint gap. Ukuthatha i-Inconel alloy njengomzekelo, i-gap ephezulu ye-Inconel joint ebhajwe nge-b-ni82crsib inokufikelela kwi-90um emva konyango lokusasazwa kwi-1000 ℃ kwi-1H; Nangona kunjalo, kwi-joints ebhajwe nge-b-ni71crsib, i-gap ephezulu imalunga ne-50um emva konyango lokusasazwa kwi-1000 ℃ kwi-1H.

3) Uqhagamshelo lwesigaba solwelo oluhamba kancinci Uqhagamshelo lwesigaba solwelo oluhamba kancinci lusebenzisa i-alloy ye-interlayer (malunga ne-2.5 ~ 100um ubukhulu) apho inqanaba lokunyibilika liphantsi kunesinyithi esisisiseko njengesinyithi esizalisa. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluncinci (0 ~ 0.007mpa) kunye nobushushu obufanelekileyo (1100 ~ 1250 ℃), izinto ze-interlayer ziqala zinyibilike kwaye zifumise isinyithi esisisiseko. Ngenxa yokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kwezinto, ukuqina kwe-isothermal kwenzeka kwi-joint ukuze kwenziwe i-joint. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu iimfuno ezifanayo zomphezulu wesinyithi esisisiseko kwaye inciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-welding. Iiparameter eziphambili zoqhagamshelo lwesigaba solwelo oluhamba kancinci luxinzelelo, ubushushu, ixesha lokubamba kunye nokwakheka kwe-interlayer. Faka uxinzelelo oluncinci ukugcina umphezulu wokudibana kwe-weldment unxibelelana kakuhle. Ubushushu kunye nexesha lokufudumeza zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-joint. Ukuba ijoyinti kufuneka ibe namandla njengesinyithi esisisiseko kwaye ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwesinyithi esisisiseko, kuya kwamkelwa iiparameter zenkqubo yoqhagamshelwano lobushushu obuphezulu (ezifana ne-≥ 1150 ℃) kunye nexesha elide (ezifana ne-8 ~ 24h); Ukuba umgangatho woqhagamshelwano wejoyinti unciphile okanye isinyithi esisisiseko asinakumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kuya kusetyenziswa ubushushu obuphantsi (1100 ~ 1150 ℃) kunye nexesha elifutshane (1 ~ 8h). Umaleko ophakathi uya kuthatha ulwakhiwo lwesinyithi esisisiseko oludibeneyo njengolwakhiwo olusisiseko, kwaye wongeze izinto ezahlukeneyo zokupholisa, ezifana ne-B, Si, Mn, Nb, njl. Umzekelo, ulwakhiwo lwe-Udimet alloy yi-ni-15cr-18.5co-4.3al-3.3ti-5mo, kwaye ulwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo oluphakathi loqhagamshelwano lwesigaba solwelo oludlulayo yi-b-ni62.5cr15co15mo5b2.5. Zonke ezi zinto zinokunciphisa ubushushu bokunyibilika kwe-Ni Cr okanye i-Ni Cr Co alloys ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kodwa isiphumo se-B sicacile kakhulu. Ukongeza, izinga eliphezulu lokusasazwa kwe-B linokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza i-interlayer alloy kunye ne-base metal.