1. Izinto zokugquma
(1) Iintsimbi zezixhobo zokugquma kunye neekhabhide ezifakwe isamente zihlala zisebenzisa ubhedu olucocekileyo, i-zinc yobhedu kunye nesilivere yobhedu olufake isamente. Ubhedu olucocekileyo lunokumanzisa kakuhle kuzo zonke iintlobo zeekhabhide ezifakwe isamente, kodwa isiphumo esingcono sinokufunyanwa ngokugquma kwindawo enciphisiweyo yehydrogen. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu bokugquma, uxinzelelo olukwijoyini lukhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kokuqhekeka. Amandla okucheba ejoyini efakwe isamente yobhedu olucocekileyo amalunga ne-150MPa, kwaye iplastiki yejoyini nayo iphezulu, kodwa ayifanelekanga kumsebenzi wobushushu obuphezulu.
Isinyithi se-copper zinc filler sesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwisinyithi sezixhobo zokugquma kunye nee-carbides eziqinisiweyo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukufuma kwe-solder kunye namandla ejoyinti, i-Mn, i-Ni, i-Fe kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloy zihlala zongezwa kwi-solder. Umzekelo, i-w (MN) i-4% yongezwa kwi-b-cu58znmn ukwenza amandla okugquma ejoyinti ze-carbide eziqinisiweyo afikelele kwi-300 ~ 320MPa kubushushu begumbi; Isenokugcina i-220 ~ 240mpa kwi-320 ℃. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-CO ngokusekelwe kwi-b-cu58znmn kunokwenza amandla okugquma ejoyinti eqinisiweyo afikelele kwi-350Mpa, kwaye inokuqina okuphezulu kunye namandla okudinwa, okuphucula kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo zokusika kunye nezixhobo zokubhola amatye.
Iqondo eliphantsi lokunyibilika kwesinyithi sesilivere esinobhedu kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci lobushushu lwejoyinti eqhotsiweyo ziluncedo ekunciphiseni ukuqhekeka kwe-carbide eqhotsiweyo ngexesha le-brazing. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukumanzi kwe-solder kunye nokuphucula amandla kunye nobushushu bokusebenza kwejoyinti, i-Mn, i-Ni kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloy zihlala zongezwa kwi-solder. Umzekelo, i-b-ag50cuzncdni solder inomswakama ogqwesileyo kwi-carbide eqhotsiweyo, kwaye ijoyinti eqhotsiweyo ineempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi.
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu zingentla zesinyithi ze-brazing filler, iisinyithi ze-brazing filler ezisekelwe kwi-Mn kunye ne-Ni, ezifana ne-b-mn50nicucrco kunye ne-b-ni75crsib, zinokukhethwa kwi-carbide eqinisiweyo esebenza ngaphezulu kwama-500 ℃ kwaye ifuna amandla aphezulu okudibana. Kwi-brazing yentsimbi ekhawulezayo, kufuneka kukhethwe isinyithi se-brazing filler esikhethekileyo esinobushushu be-brazing obuhambelana nobushushu bokucima. Le ntsimbi ye-filler yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: enye yi-ferromanganese type filler metal, eyenziwe kakhulu yi-ferromanganese kunye ne-borax. Amandla okucheba kwejoyinti ye-brazed ngokubanzi imalunga ne-100MPa, kodwa ijoyinti ithanda ukuqhekeka; Olunye uhlobo lwe-alloy ekhethekileyo yobhedu equlethe i-Ni, i-Fe, i-Mn kunye ne-Si akulula ukuvelisa iiqhekeka kwiindawo ze-brazed, kwaye amandla ayo okucheba anokwandiswa abe yi-300mpa.
(2) Ukukhethwa kwe-brazing flux kunye ne-shielding gas brazing flux kufuneka kuhambelane ne-base metal kunye ne-filler metal eza kudityaniswa. Xa kusenziwa i-brazing tool steel kunye ne-cemented carbide, i-brazing flux esetyenziswayo ikakhulu yi-borax kunye ne-boric acid, kwaye kongezwa ezinye ii-fluoride (KF, NaF, CaF2, njl.njl.). Ii-Fb301, fb302 kunye ne-fb105 fluxes zisetyenziselwa i-copper zinc solder, kwaye ii-fb101 ~ fb104 fluxes zisetyenziselwa i-silver copper solder. I-Borax flux isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kusenziwa i-special brazing filler metal ukubethela intsimbi ekhawulezayo.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwentsimbi yesixhobo ngexesha lokufudumeza ibrazing kwaye kuthintelwe ukucoca emva kokuqhotsa, ibrazing ekhuselweyo yigesi ingasetyenziswa. Igesi ekhuselayo inokuba yigesi engasebenziyo okanye igesi enciphisayo, kwaye indawo yombethe wegesi mayibe ngaphantsi kwe -40 ℃ I-carbide enesamente inokuqhotswa phantsi kokhuselo lwehydrogen, kwaye indawo yombethe wehydrogen efunekayo mayibe ngaphantsi kwe -59 ℃.
2. Itekhnoloji yokurhawula
Intsimbi yesixhobo kufuneka icocwe ngaphambi kokuba ifakelwe ibrashi, kwaye umphezulu ofakwe kwi-machine akufuneki ube mtyibilizi kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukumanzisa nokusasazwa kwezinto kunye nokuhamba kwebrashi. Umphezulu we-carbide efakelwe i-cemented kufuneka utshiswe ngesanti ngaphambi kokuba ufakelwe ibrashi, okanye upholishwe nge-silicon carbide okanye ivili lokugaya idayimani ukuze kususwe ikhabhoni eninzi kumphezulu, ukuze imanziswe yintsimbi egcwalisa ibrashi ngexesha lokufakelwa ibrashi. I-carbide efakelwe i-cemented equlethe i-titanium carbide kunzima ukuyimanzisa. I-Copper oxide okanye i-nickel oxide paste ifakwa kumphezulu wayo ngendlela entsha kwaye ibhakwe kwindawo epholileyo ukuze kwenziwe utshintsho lwe-copper okanye i-nickel kumphezulu, ukuze kwandiswe ukumanzisa kwe-solder enamandla.
Ukugquma ngentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi okanye ngexesha elinye nenkqubo yokugquma. Ukuba ukugquma kwenziwa ngaphambi kwenkqubo yokugquma, ubushushu be-solidus yentsimbi yokugquma esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka bube phezulu kunobubanzi bobushushu bokugquma, ukuze i-weldment ibe namandla aphezulu xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kubushushu bokugquma ngaphandle kokusilela. Xa ukugquma kunye nokugquma zidityanisiwe, kuya kukhethwa intsimbi yokugquma enobushushu be-solidus obusondele kubushushu bokugquma.
Intsimbi yezixhobo ze-alloy inezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Isinyithi esifanelekileyo sokuzalisa i-brazing, inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu kunye netekhnoloji yokudibanisa inkqubo yokuzalisa kunye nokunyanga ubushushu kufuneka zimiselwe ngokwendlela ethile yentsimbi, ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza kakuhle kwamalungu.
Ubushushu bokucima intsimbi ekhawulezayo ngokubanzi buphezulu kunobushushu bokunyibilika kwesilivere yobhedu kunye ne-copper zinc solder, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukucima ngaphambi kokucima kunye nokucima ngexesha okanye emva kokucima okwesibini. Ukuba ukucima kuyadingeka emva kokucima, kuphela isinyithi esikhethekileyo sokugcwalisa i-brazing esikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla esinokusetyenziselwa ukucima. Xa ukucima izixhobo zokusika intsimbi ekhawulezayo, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-coke furnace. Xa isinyithi sokugcwalisa i-brazing sinyibilikisiwe, khupha isixhobo sokusika kwaye usicinezele ngoko nangoko, ukhuphe isinyithi sokugcwalisa i-brazing esigqithisileyo, uze wenze ukucima ioyile, uze usifudumeze kwi-550 ~ 570 ℃.
Xa kuqiniswa i-blade ye-carbide eqinisiweyo nge-tool bar yentsimbi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela yokwandisa i-brazing gap kunye nokusebenzisa i-plastic compensation gasket kwi-brazing gap, kwaye kufuneka kupholiswe kancinci emva kokudityaniswa kwe-welding ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-brazing, ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-carbide eqinisiweyo.
Emva kokuwelda ngefayibha, intsalela yeflux kwi-weldment mayihlanjwe ngamanzi ashushu okanye umxube wokususa i-slag ngokubanzi, ize ipholiswe ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo sokukhupha i-oxide film kwi-base tool rod. Nangona kunjalo, lumka ungasebenzisi isisombululo se-nitric acid ukuthintela ukugqwala kwentsimbi edibeneyo yebrazing.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-13-2022