Ukugquma ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo

Ukugquma ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo

1. Ukukwazi ukusebenza nge-brazeability

Ingxaki ephambili kwi-stainless steel brazing kukuba ifilimu ye-oxide ephezu komhlaba ichaphazela kakhulu ukumanzisa kunye nokusasazwa kwe-solder. Iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezingenasici ziqulethe inani elikhulu le-Cr, kwaye ezinye ziqulethe i-Ni, Ti, Mn, Mo, Nb kunye nezinye izinto, ezinokwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-oxide okanye ii-composite oxides kumphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, ii-oxides ze-Cr2O3 kunye ne-TiO2 ze-Cr kunye ne-Ti zizinzile kwaye kunzima ukuzisusa. Xa kufakwe i-brazing emoyeni, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-active flux ukuzisusa; Xa kufakwe i-brazing emoyeni okhuselayo, ifilimu ye-oxide ingancitshiswa kuphela kwi-atmosphere ecocekileyo ephezulu ene-dew point ephantsi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu; Kwi-vacuum brazing, kuyimfuneko ukuba ne-vacuum eyaneleyo kunye nobushushu obaneleyo ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esihle se-brazing.

Enye ingxaki yokugquma ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo kukuba ubushushu bokufudumeza bunempembelelo enkulu kwisakhiwo sesinyithi esisisiseko. Ubushushu bokufudumeza ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic abuyi kuba ngaphezulu kwe-1150 ℃, kungenjalo iinkozo ziya kukhula kakhulu; Ukuba intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic ayinayo i-Ti okanye i-Nb ezinzileyo kwaye inomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni, ukugquma ngaphakathi kobushushu bokuzwela (500 ~ 850 ℃) kuya kuphetshwa. Ukuthintela ukuxhathisa kokugqwala ekuncipheni ngenxa yokuna kwe-chromium carbide. Ukukhethwa kobushushu bokugquma ngentsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kungqongqo ngakumbi. Enye kukufanisa ubushushu bokugquma nobushushu bokucima, ukuze kudityaniswe inkqubo yokugquma nenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu; Enye kukuba ubushushu bokugquma kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kobushushu bokufudumeza ukuthintela isinyithi esisisiseko ekuthambekeni ngexesha lokugquma. Umgaqo wokukhetha ubushushu bokugquma ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo yemvula uyafana nowentsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, oko kukuthi, ubushushu bokugquma kufuneka buhambelane nenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu ukuze kufunyanwe iipropati ezilungileyo zoomatshini.

Ukongeza kwezi ngxaki zimbini ziphambili zingasentla, kukho umkhwa wokuqhekeka koxinzelelo xa kusenziwa isinyithi esingenasici se-austenitic, ingakumbi xa kusenziwa isinyithi esingenasici se-copper zinc. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo, i-workpiece kufuneka incitshiswe uxinzelelo ngaphambi kokuba i-brazing, kwaye i-workpiece kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngokulinganayo ngexesha lokuqhotsa.

2. Izinto zokugquma

(1) Ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwee-weldments zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iintsimbi ze-brazing filler ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwii-weldments zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ziquka i-Tin Lead brazing filler metal, i-silver brazing filler metal, i-copper based brazing filler metal, i-nickel based brazing filler metal kunye ne-precious metal brazing filler metal.

I-tin lead solder isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutshixeni intsimbi engagqwaliyo, kwaye ifanelekile ukuba nomxholo ophezulu we-tin. Okukhona umxholo we-tin we-solder uphezulu, kokukhona ukufuma kwayo kungcono kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo. Amandla okucheba e-1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel joints ezifakwe i-tin lead solders ezininzi eziqhelekileyo adweliswe kwiTheyibhile 3. Ngenxa yamandla aphantsi e-joints, asetyenziselwa kuphela iindawo ze-brazing ezinomthamo omncinci wokuthwala.

Itheyibhile yesi-3 yokuqina kokucheba kwe-1Cr18Ni9Ti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo edityaniswe nge-tin lead solder

Iintsimbi zokuzalisa ezisekelwe kwisilivere zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuzaliseni intsimbi engagqwaliyo. Phakathi kwazo, iintsimbi zokuzalisa zesilivere ze-zinc kunye nesilivere ze-zinc cadmium zesilivere zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuba ubushushu bokuzalisa abunampembelelo ingako kwiimpawu zesinyithi esisisiseko. Amandla eejoyinti zesinyithi ezingagqwaliyo ze-ICr18Ni9Ti ezifakwe iisolders ezininzi zesilivere eziqhelekileyo zidweliswe kwiTheyibhile 4. Iijoyinti zesinyithi ezingagqwaliyo ezifakwe iisolders zesilivere azisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezibola kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza beejoyinti ngokubanzi abudluli kwi-300 ℃. Xa kusenziwa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngaphandle kwe-nickel, ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqwala kwejoyinti efakwe iisolders kwindawo efumileyo, kuya kusetyenziswa isinyithi sokuzalisa esine-nickel engaphezulu, njenge-b-ag50cuzncdni. Xa kusenziwa isinyithi esingagqwaliyo se-martensitic, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthamba kwesinyithi esisisiseko, kuya kusetyenziswa isinyithi sokuzalisa esineqondo lobushushu elingadluli kwi-650 ℃, njenge-b-ag40cuzncd. Xa ufaka intsimbi engagqwali kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ukuze kususwe ifilimu ye-oxide kumphezulu, i-lithium equlathe i-self brazing flux ingasetyenziswa, njenge-b-ag92culi kunye ne-b-ag72culi. Xa ufaka intsimbi engagqwali kwi-vacuum, ukuze intsimbi yokuzalisa ihlale imanzi kakuhle xa ingenazo izinto ezifana ne-Zn kunye ne-CD ezilula ukutsha, intsimbi yokuzalisa yesilivere equlethe izinto ezifana ne-Mn, i-Ni kunye ne-RD zingasetyenziswa.

Itheyibhile yesi-4 yokuqina kwejoyinti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ICr18Ni9Ti eqiniswe ngesinyithi esisekelwe kwisilivere

Iintsimbi ze-brazing filler ezisekelwe kubhedu ezisetyenziselwa ukubrasha iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ikakhulu zi-copper ecocekileyo, i-copper nickel kunye ne-copper manganese copper cobalt filler filler metals. I-copper brazing filler metal ecocekileyo isetyenziselwa ukubrasha phantsi kokhuseleko lwegesi okanye i-vacuum. Ubushushu bokusebenza be-stainless steel joint abudluli kwi-400 ℃, kodwa i-joint ayinayo i-oxidation resistant. I-copper nickel brazing filler metal isetyenziselwa ukubrasha ilangatye kunye nokubrasha kwe-induction. Amandla e-brazing steel joint ye-1Cr18Ni9Ti edibeneyo aboniswe kwiTheyibhile 5. Kuyabonakala ukuba i-joint inamandla afanayo ne-base metal, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza buphezulu. I-Cu Mn co brazing filler metal isetyenziselwa ukubrasha i-martensitic stainless steel kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Amandla e-joint kunye nobushushu bokusebenza buyafana nalawo afakwe i-brazing metal esekelwe kwigolide. Umzekelo, i-1Cr13 stainless steel joint efakwe i-b-cu58mnco solder inokusebenza okufanayo ne-stainless steel joint efanayo efakwe i-b-au82ni solder (jonga iTheyibhile 6), kodwa iindleko zemveliso zinciphile kakhulu.

Itheyibhile yesi-5 yokuqina kokucheba kwe-1Cr18Ni9Ti yentsimbi engatyiwayo edityaniswe ngentsimbi yokuzalisa isiseko sobhedu esishushu kakhulu

Itheyibhile 6 yokuqina kokucheba kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo eyi-1Cr13

Iintsimbi ze-brazing filler ezisekelwe kwi-manganese zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-brazing ekhuselweyo yigesi, kwaye ubumsulwa begesi bufuneka bube phezulu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhula kwengqolowa yesinyithi esisisiseko, kufuneka kukhethwe isinyithi se-brazing filler esifanelekileyo esinobushushu be-brazing obungaphantsi kwe-1150 ℃. Isiphumo se-brazing esanelisayo sinokufunyanwa kwiindawo zentsimbi engatyiwayo ezifakwe i-solder esekelwe kwi-manganese, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 7. Ubushushu bokusebenza bejoyinti bunokufikelela kwi-600 ℃.

Itheyibhile yesi-7 yokuqina kokucheba kwe-lcr18ni9fi intsimbi engagqwaliyo edityaniswe ngentsimbi yokuzalisa esekwe kwi-manganese

Xa intsimbi engagqwaliyo igqunywe ngentsimbi ye-nickel base filler, ijoyinti isebenza kakuhle kubushushu obuphezulu. Le ntsimbi ye-filler isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-brazing ekhuselweyo yigesi okanye kwi-vacuum brazing. Ukuze koyiswe ingxaki yokuba kuveliswa iikhompawundi ezibuthathaka ngakumbi kwijoyinti ye-brazed ngexesha lokwenziwa kwejoyinti, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu amandla kunye ne-plasticity yejoyinti, umsantsa wejoyinti kufuneka uncitshiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezilula ukuzenza i-brittle phase kwi-solder zisasazeka ngokupheleleyo kwi-base metal. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhula kwengqolowa ye-base metal ngenxa yokubamba ixesha elide kubushushu be-brazing, inkqubo yokulinganisa ukubamba ixesha elifutshane kunye nonyango lokusasazwa kubushushu obuphantsi (xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu be-brazing) emva kokuwelda inokuthathwa.

Iintsimbi ze-Noble metal brazing filler ezisetyenziselwa ukubrasha intsimbi engagqwali ziquka iintsimbi ze-filler ezisekelwe kwigolide kunye neentsimbi ze-filler eziqulethe i-palladium, apho ezona ziqhelekileyo yi-b-au82ni, i-b-ag54cupd kunye ne-b-au82ni, ezinokumanzika kakuhle. I-brazing stainless steel joint inamandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza bunokufikelela kwi-800 ℃. I-B-ag54cupd ineempawu ezifanayo ne-b-au82ni kwaye ixabiso layo liphantsi, ngoko ke ithambekele ekuthatheni indawo ye-b-au82ni.

(2) Umphezulu wentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwindawo ejikeleze i-flux kunye ne-furnace uqulethe ii-oxides ezifana ne-Cr2O3 kunye ne-TiO2, ezinokususwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-flux enamandla. Xa intsimbi engagqwaliyo igqunywe nge-tin lead solder, i-flux efanelekileyo yi-phosphoric acid aqueous solution okanye i-zinc oxide hydrochloric acid solution. Ixesha lomsebenzi wesisombululo samanzi se-phosphoric acid lifutshane, ngoko ke indlela ye-brazing yokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kufuneka yamkelwe. Ii-fluxes ze-Fb102, fb103 okanye fb104 zingasetyenziselwa ukugquma intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngeentsimbi zesilivere ezisekelwe kwi-filler. Xa ugquma intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngentsimbi ye-copper based filler, i-fb105 flux isetyenziswa ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu be-brazing.

Xa kutshiswa intsimbi engagqwaliyo esithandweni, kusetyenziswa umoya ongcolileyo okanye umoya okhuselayo ofana nehydrogen, i-argon kunye ne-ammonia yokubola. Ngexesha lokutshiswa kwe-vacuum, uxinzelelo lwe-vacuum kufuneka lube ngaphantsi kwe-10-2Pa. Xa kutshiswa kwindawo ekhuselayo, iqondo lobushushu begesi aliyi kuba ngaphezulu kwe--40 ℃ Ukuba ubumsulwa begesi alwanelanga okanye ubushushu be-brazing abuphezulu, inani elincinci le-gas brazing flux, efana ne-boron trifluoride, inokongezwa emoyeni.

2. Itekhnoloji yokurhawula

Intsimbi engatyiwayo kufuneka icocwe ngqongqo ngaphambi kokuba ifakelwe ibrashi ukuze kususwe nayiphi na igrisi kunye ne-oyile. Kungcono ukuyifakelwa ibrashi kwangoko emva kokucoca.

Ukugquma ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunokusebenzisa iindlela zokufudumeza eziphakathi zelangatye, ukungenisa kunye ne-oven. Isithando sokugquma ngentsimbi esithandweni kufuneka sibe nenkqubo elungileyo yokulawula ubushushu (ukuguquka kobushushu bokugquma kufuneka kube yi-± 6 ℃) kwaye singapholiswa ngokukhawuleza. Xa i-hydrogen isetyenziswa njengegesi yokukhusela ukugquma, iimfuno ze-hydrogen zixhomekeke kubushushu bokugquma kunye nokwakheka kwesinyithi esisisiseko, oko kukuthi, xa ubushushu bokugquma buphantsi, kokukhona isinyithi esisisiseko sine-stabilizer, kwaye kufuneka i-dew point ye-hydrogen ephantsi. Umzekelo, kwiintsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic ezifana ne-1Cr13 kunye ne-cr17ni2t, xa kugquma ngentsimbi kwi-1000 ℃, i-dew point ye-hydrogen kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kune--40 ℃; Kwintsimbi engenasici ye-chromium nickel ye-18-8 ngaphandle kwe-stabilizer, i-dew point ye-hydrogen kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kune-25 ℃ ngexesha lokugquma ngentsimbi kwi-1150 ℃; Nangona kunjalo, kwi-1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel equlethe i-titanium stabilizer, i-hydrogen dew point kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe--40 ℃ xa i-brazing kwi-1150 ℃. Xa i-brazing ikhuselwe yi-argon, ubumsulwa be-argon kufuneka bube phezulu. Ukuba i-copper okanye i-nickel igqunywe phezu komphezulu wentsimbi engagqwali, imfuneko yobumsulwa begesi yokukhusela ingancitshiswa. Ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwefilimu ye-oxide kumphezulu wentsimbi engagqwali, i-BF3 gas flux nayo ingongezwa, kwaye i-lithium okanye i-boron equlethe i-self flux solder nayo ingasetyenziswa. Xa i-vacuum brazing steel engagqwali, iimfuno ze-vacuum degree zixhomekeke kubushushu be-brazing. Ngokwanda kobushushu be-brazing, i-vacuum efunekayo ingancitshiswa.

Inkqubo ephambili yentsimbi engagqwaliyo emva kokubhraza kukucoca i-residual flux kunye ne-residual flow inhibitor, kwaye kwenziwe unyango lobushushu emva kokubhraza ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo yokubhraza kunye ne-brazing, i-residual flux ingahlanjwa ngamanzi, icocwe ngoomatshini okanye icocwe ngamakhemikhali. Ukuba i-abrasive isetyenziselwa ukucoca i-residual flux okanye ifilimu ye-oxide kwindawo eshushu kufutshane nejoyinti, kuya kusetyenziswa isanti okanye ezinye iinxalenye ezincinci ezingezizo zesinyithi. Iinxalenye ezenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-martensitic kunye ne-precipitation stainless steel zifuna unyango lobushushu ngokweemfuno ezikhethekileyo zezinto emva kokubhraza. Iijoyinti zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezibhrazwe nge-Ni Cr B kunye ne-Ni Cr Si filler metals zihlala ziphathwa ngonyango lobushushu bokusasazwa emva kokubhraza ukunciphisa iimfuno ze-brazing gap kunye nokuphucula isakhiwo kunye neempawu zamalungu.