Ukubrasha kwi-vacuum furnace yindlela entsha yokubrasha ngaphandle kokuflusha phantsi kweemeko zokuvasha. Ngenxa yokuba ukubrasha kukwindawo yokuvasha, isiphumo esibi somoya kwindawo yokusebenza sinokususwa ngempumelelo, ngoko ukubrasha kungenziwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-flux. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintsimbi zokubrasha kunye nee-alloys ezinzima ukuzibrasha, ezifana ne-aluminium alloy, i-titanium alloy, i-superalloy, i-refractory alloy kunye ne-ceramics. Ijoyinti ebrashed ikhanya kwaye ixinene, ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izixhobo zokubrasha nge-vacuum ngokubanzi azisetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngenaliti yentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ephantsi kwe-alloy.
Izixhobo zokugquma ezikwisithando somoya zenziwe ikakhulu sisithando somoya kunye nenkqubo yokugquma. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokugquma zomoya: Isithando somlilo esishushu kunye nesithando somlilo esibandayo. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zezixhobo zokugquma zinokufudunyezwa ngegesi yendalo okanye ngombane. Zingayilwa zibe sisithando somlilo esifakwe ecaleni, isithando somlilo esifakwe ezantsi okanye isithando somlilo esifakwe phezulu (uhlobo lweKang), kwaye inkqubo yokugquma inokuba yeyonke.
Inkqubo yokufunxa ibandakanya ikakhulu iyunithi yokufunxa, umbhobho wokufunxa, ivalvu yokufunxa, njl. Iyunithi yokufunxa idla ngokwenziwa yipompo yomatshini ejikelezayo ene-vacuum kunye nepompo yokufunxa ioyile. Ipompo yomatshini esetyenziswa kanye inokufumana ngaphantsi kwe-1.35 × Vacuum degree ye-10-1pa level. Ukuze ufumane i-vacuum ephezulu, ipompo yokufunxa ioyile kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaxeshanye, enokufikelela kwi-1.35 ngeli xesha × Vacuum degree ye-10-4Pa level. Uxinzelelo lwegesi kwinkqubo lulinganiswa nge-vacuum gauge.
Ukugquma kwi-vacuum furnace kukugquma kwi-oven okanye kwigumbi lokugquma elinomoya okhutshiweyo. Kufanelekile ngokukodwa ukugquma amalungu amakhulu naqhubekayo. Kukwafanelekile nokudibanisa ezinye iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo, kuquka i-titanium, i-zirconium, i-niobium, i-molybdenum kunye ne-tantalum. Nangona kunjalo, ukugquma nge-vacuum kunezi zinto zilandelayo:
① Phantsi kweemeko zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesinyithi, isinyithi kulula ukusitshintsha sibe buthathaka, ngoko ke ukugquma ngesinyithi akufanele kusetyenziswe kwizinto eziguquguqukayo zesinyithi ezisisiseko kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo zesolder. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo enkqubo enzima.
② I-vacuum brazing inovelwano kubukhali bomphezulu, umgangatho wokuhlanganisa kunye nokunyamezelana kweendawo ezifakwe i-braze, kwaye ineemfuno eziphezulu kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nenqanaba lethiyori labaqhubi.
③ Izixhobo zokucoca ziyinkimbinkimbi, zinotyalo-mali olukhulu oluvela kube kanye kwaye zixabisa kakhulu ukugcinwa.
Ngoko ke, ungayiphumeza njani inkqubo yokuqhotsa kwi-vacuum furnace? Xa ukuqhotsa kusenziwa kwi-vacuum furnace, faka i-weldment ene-welding kwi-furnace (okanye kwi-brazing container), vala ucango lwe-furnace (okanye uvale isiciko se-brazing container), kwaye uqhotse ngaphambi kokufudumeza. Qala i-mechanical pump kuqala, jika i-steering valve emva kokuba i-vacuum degree ifikelele kwi-1.35pa, vala indlela ethe ngqo phakathi kwe-mechanical pump kunye ne-brazing furnace, yenza umbhobho oqhagamshelwe kwi-brazing furnace nge-diffusion pump, usebenze ngexesha elilinganiselweyo ngokuxhomekeka kwi-mechanical pump kunye ne-diffusion pump, uqhotse i-brazing furnace ukuya kwinqanaba le-vacuum elifunekayo, uze uqale ukufudumeza ngombane.
Ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yokunyuka nokufudumala kobushushu, iyunithi ye-vacuum kufuneka isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ukugcina inqanaba le-vacuum kwisithando somlilo, ukuvala ukuvuza komoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo ye-vacuum kunye nesithando somlilo, ukukhululwa kwegesi kunye nomphunga wamanzi ofunxwa ludonga lwesithando somlilo, isixhobo kunye ne-weldment, kunye nokuguquguquka kwesinyithi kunye ne-oxide, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuhla komoya wokwenyani. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-vacuum brazing: i-vacuum brazing ephezulu kunye ne-vacuum engaphelelanga (i-vacuum ephakathi). I-vacuum brazing ephezulu ifanelekile kakhulu kwi-brazing yesinyithi esisisiseko esinzima ukubola (njenge-nickel base superalloy). I-vacuum brazing engaphelelanga isetyenziselwa amaxesha apho isinyithi esisisiseko okanye i-solder iguquka phantsi kobushushu be-brazing kunye neemeko eziphezulu ze-vacuum.
Xa kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo akhethekileyo okuqinisekisa ubunyulu obuphezulu, indlela yokucoca i-vacuum kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-hydrogen brazing eyomileyo. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen eyomileyo okanye indlela yokucoca igesi engangeniyo ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-vacuum brazing kuya kunceda ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono kwi-vacuum brazing ephezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-07-2022